Propagated by green budding, brown budding and crown budding. Secondary leaf fall COURSE OUTLINE: Disease of Horticultural Crops & Their Management. Prune off and burn the dried up branches after disinfecting by Bordeaux spraying. aggravates the disease. A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in Africa. In advanced cases apply Bordeaux paste and when it dries up scrape off the superficial mycelium and damaged bark and apply Bordeaux paste once again. Lecture 8. Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% Mancozeb, or 0.1% Carbendazim at fortnightly intervals. Regulatory methods : - Plant quarantine a. Planting: Pit size of 1 m3 are dug and filled up with top soil and compost. They may infest developing plants and fruit, thereby becoming serious pests to the crop, reducing fruit quality and quantity by infuencing plant development (Carter, 1933). rubber, oil, gum, dyes, chemicals etc. Lecture 1.Diseases of Citrus. At the start, it grows and surrounded by yellow discolorations. IARI Toppers Provides Agriculture Notes,ICAR E Course Notes,JRF Notes,IBPS AFO,E krishi Shiksha,TNAU Notes,ANGRAU Notes,Agriculture Jobs Update,JRF Mock Test,JRF Old Exam Paper for agronomy horticulture,plant science,agriculture statistics,soil science,social science,icar ecourse pdf download,best agriculture books etc Provide shade in nursery. Release Austalian lady bird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10/tree. It is one of the highly common diseases seen in rubber trees. Arecanut 223 viii. These trees widely found in the Amazon and bring profit to many indigenous tribes. Lecture 2.Diseases of Mango. It is caused by the fungus Phellinus noxius. Domestic quarantine 7. Scrape out the fructifications. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. raw material for fruit and vegetable-processing plants, hence becomes a solution to Season Coconut 212 vii. Infected plants first develop a dull green color, eventually wilt and turn straw-color. Regions prone to heavy winds should be avoided. In man's continued effort to enhance food production, new high yielding crop varieties and new techniques for crop and field management are being constantly evolved resulting in a parallel increase in disease occurrence which calls for their efficient management. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Drench soil at the base of plants in the affected area with the solution of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Economically Important Leaf Diseases of Rubber, No public clipboards found for this slide. concentration with a brush below the tapping cut to a width of 5 cm after light scraping of the outer bark. 5. (half spiral, alternate day for 6 months and rested for 3 months), (half spiral, daily for one month and rested for next Crude oil is the primary raw material used in the production of synthetic rubber. Patch canker or Bark cankers The symptoms appear as loss of shiny appearance of leaves drooping, yellowing and buckling (curving) of leaflets and … Growing of cover crops, incorporation of cover crops and weeding are important operations. Palmyrah 228 For immature rubber trees at pre-tapping stage Cockchafer grub Scrape out the fructifications. It requires deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 and highly deficient in available phosphorous. However, continuous application of Ethrel is not recommended for periods of more than 3 years at a stretch. When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. Brown root disease Affected bark and wood show black lines. Rubber yield steeply increases year by year, reaching a peak after 14 years of planting. The major symptoms of the disease in leaves are wilting and drooping and flaccidity; ribbing, paling/yellowing and necrosis of leaflets are typical symptoms of foliar diseases. 3) Forestry – Deals with production of large scale cultivation of perennial trees for supplying wood, timber, rubber, etc. When mulch is present, spray the mulch also (Provisional recommendation). The progress of the disease was faster during July to November. Control There are two types of rubber, natural rubber from rubber trees and synthetic rubber made by using petrochemicals. Symptoms. Syndrome characterized by prolonged dripping of latex with the gradual decline in volume yield, pre coagulation of latex and partial or complete drying of tapping area (10-25 per cent).  Manuring: Basal -2.5 t/ha of FYM and 350kg/ha of Rock Phosphate. Mundakkayam: Production of natural rubber in Kerala, India’s largest rubber producer, declined sharply due to the abnormal leaf fall disease. Pests When the fungicide dries up, a thin coating with a wound dressing compound may be given. Completely killed and dried roots may be traced and pruned. Tropical climate with annual rainfall of 2000 – 4500 mm is suited for cultivation. 1. Mean percent disease incidence of coconut from 2008 –2013 S. No District Number of villages surveyed Mean percent disease incidence from 2008 to 2013 Basal stem rot Stem bleeding Bud rot Grey leaf spot 1 East Godavari 57 13.82 3.49 1.93 Traces 2 West Godavari 15 11.42 4.94 2.12 Traces The diseases persist in the soil on infected dead roots. 1.5 – 2 months after planting –10:10:4:1.5 NPKMg mixture -2500 kg/ha. and also raw materials for … It is leading to the cessation of latex production, showed differences in latex biochemical characteristics, attacks the tree vascular tissues. dianthi) Vascular wilt is the most troublesome disease of carnation. Oil based Copper oxy chloride using low volume sprayer or through aerial application. The increase in growth cracks on the trunk, severe summer followed by sudden wetting, imbalanced nutrition, excessive salinity, etc. Xanthomonas leaf spot is caused due to a bacteria named Xanthomonascampestris.             Budded stumps – 30 x 30 cm Wet weather and high relative humidity are favourable for disease development. BARK NECROSIS(BN) The necrosis of the rubber tree is an affection of the stem. Management: Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with chlorpyriphos 0.1% solution. When it affects the rubber tree, you can see small oozing spots appearing around the leaves. The stem with brown bark is affected anywhere from the base to branches. When the fungicide dries up apply wound dressing compound. 2. Manuring total area under vanilla cultivation in the world during 2008 was 82,098 ha (FAO, 2009). Abnormal leaf fall You can change your ad preferences anytime. It is expressed by a deterioration of the cortical tissues on the level of which are located in the conducting latex tissues. starting right at the grafting point situated in the transition zone between the trunk and the roots, the collar. Diseases; Parasitic and non-parasitic maladies; Bee Keeping in rubber plantations; Diseases. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Urea @550 kg /ha -3 to 3.5 months. Tapping panel dryness (Brown bast) Chemical methods : - Use of attractants - Use of repellants - … Yield Lecture 6.Diseases of Guava . Brown root disease Open up the root system. Sulphur dust can be mixed with talc in the proportion of 7:3. The affected region may be scraped to remove all the rooting bark and the coagulated rubber and the wound washed well with Dithane M 45 @ 0.75 %.             Stump budding – 60 x 60 cm When severe infestation is noticed, spray Organophosphorus insecticides like malathion 50 EC 2 ml/lit. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Wettable sulphur (1 kg in 4000 lit of water) is also effective in nurseries and for young plants as a spray. Lecture 5.Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya. Search for: diseases of wheat tnau. Minimum and maximum temperature should be ranged from 25 to 34°C with 80 % relative humidity is ideal for cultivation. Method of propagation For matured rubber trees under tapping apply NPK 10:10:10 grade mixtures at the rate of 900 g/tree (300 kg/ha) every year in two split doses. Nursery: Bed size: 60-120 cm width and of convenient length. months and rested for the next 4 months. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. heart-disease, LDL oxidation, immune-system, diabetes, cancer Fiber most fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, cooked dry beans and peas diabetes, heart disease Folate ... of other industries e.g. Lecture 7.Diseases of Apple . It makes the leaves turn yellow and die. Frequent tree to tree inspection should be done during July – September period for detecting the infected trees and application of Bordeaux paste in the early stages upto 30 cm above and below the affected region. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Spacing: Seedling stumps – 23 x 23 cm, 30 x 30 cm and 34 x 20 cm Causative agent: Phytophthora meadii McRae. Diseases Root rot:Soil drenching with Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit or Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 0.75 g/litre or Difenoconazole @ 0.5ml/l Leaf spot: Foliar application of Mancozeb @ 2.5g/l or Azoxystrobin @ 1g/l Chrysanthemum mosaic disease 1. Their greatest impact is associated with the disease mealy bug wilt of pineapple (MW) (Rohrbach et al., 1988). Dusting during the defoliation period commencing from the bud break in about 10% of the trees, giving 3 to 5 rounds at weekly to fortnightly intervals before 10.00 a.m. using 11 to 14 kg 325 mesh fine Sulphur dust per round per ha. The sap flows from the trees once a piece of the bark is removed. Leaf spot Foreign quarantine b. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Terms like IPM (Integrated Pest Management and IDM (Integrated Disease Management) have different meanings. Add 10 kg commercial Magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency. Apply 12 kg of compost or FYM and 120 g of rock phosphate in each pit before planting. Disease management Vascular wilt (F.oxysporum f.sp. Matured rubber trees under tapping Horticulture :: Plantation Crops :: Rubber, Arasu Rubber Corporation Ltd, Government of Tamil Nadu. The first application may be done after a drought period preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers and subsequent applications may be done in September and November. Pink disease is the most serious stem disease of affecting mainly the young rubber trees. OF When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. A fungal disease declared as a quarantine pest •Sclerotium collar rot(Sclerotium rolfsii) Nursery disease spread due to mal practices •Foot Canker & Sudden wilt (Nattrassia mangiferae) Secondary infection on cracks resulted due to heat injury Mites Pink disease Two rounds of spray using about 17 to 22 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha per round (1:6 proportion) at 10 to 15 days interval (or) a single round of spray with about 30 - 37 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha (1:5 proportion). Partially affected and healthy roots washed withfungicide Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Ethrel treatment Open up the root system. Powdery mildew Apply 10:10:4:1.5 NPK andMg as per schedule given below: Apply 400 kg of mixture/ha in 2 doses, once in April/May and another in September/October from the 5th year till the tree is ready for tapping. The control measures suggested for abnormal leaf fall will check this disease also. Symptoms often appear on one section of the plant. The trees can be tapped for their latex sap once they have reach six years of age. Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops-: Course content creator :-Dr. V. B. Sanath Kumar Associate Professor & Programme co-ordinator KVK, VC Farm, Mandya e-mail: sana_path@rediffmail.com Wilt and turn straw-color Centrosema pubescens and Desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops and Management. A handy way to collect important slides you want to go back later! 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