Yokota, “Ensiled or oven-dried green tea by-product as protein feedstuffs: effects of tannin on nutritive value in goats,”, M. R. Radhakrishnan and J. Sivaprasad, “Tannin content of sorghum varieties and their role in iron bioavailability,”, M. Sedghi, A. Golian, P. Soleimani-Roodi, A. Ahmadi, and M. Aami-Azghadi, “Relationship between color and tannin content in sorghum grain: application of image analysis and artificial neural network,”, J. Kaijage, S. Mutayoba, and A. Katule, “Chemical composition and nutritive value of Tanzanian grain sorghum varieties,”, D. Ng’uni, M. Geleta, P. Hofvander, M. Fatih, and T. Bryngelsson, “Comparative genetic diversity and nutritional quality variation among some important Southern African sorghum accessions [‘, A. Shegro, N. G. Shargie, A. van Biljon, and M. T. Labuschagne, “Diversity in starch, protein and mineral composition of sorghum landrace accessions from Ethiopia,”, A. Gerrano, M. T. Labuschagne, A. van Biljon, and N. G. Shargie, “Quantification of mineral composition and total protein content in sorghum [. Two grams (2 g) of well-homogenized sorghum flour samples was transferred to the dried and weighted dishes. The trial was conducted at the Plant Production Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia, Colorado do Oeste campus, and chemical analyses and in vitro incubation were performed at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá campus. 206:29-38, 2015. A 1-tablespoon serving of sorghum syrup contains 0.321 milligrams of manganese. It provides dietary fiber by 48% of the recommended daily value. Split-plot treatments consisted of two cropping periods (first crop and second crop). Objetivou-se avaliar a composição bromatológica e a digestibilidade in vitro da silagem de cultivares de sorgo de diferentes propósitos, em duas épocas de cultivo. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. “Zn” content varied from 0.698 mg/100 g to 6.484 mg/100 g, and “Fe” content was found between 2.262 and 14.08 mg/100 g. Therefore, forage sorghum cultivar BRS 655 is the most recommended cultivar for silage production. 1990 Official Methods of Analyses. nitric acid (HNO3) and 1 ml conc. Nutritional compositions of sorghum varieties (g/100 g). It can easily form a complex with other compounds including carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, oxalates, and phytates. Effects of water soluble carbohydrate content on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of forage millet and forage sorghum silages. As roughage, the same forage that was incubated was utilized, and the concentrate was composed of soybean meal, corn, and mineral mixture with 21% CP (DM basis). Zhang et al. All the determinations were done in triplicate, and the results were expressed as the average result of the value except for the mineral content. Animal Feed Science and Technology . Sorghum is an extensively researched crop in Ethiopia. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a crop similar to corn in regards to its agronomic and nutritional value. Zhao, P. Che, K. Glassman, and M. Albertsen, “Nutritionally enhanced sorghum for the arid and semiarid tropical areas of Africa,” in, M. H. Dicko, H. Gruppen, A. S. Traoré, A. G. Voragen, and W. J. van Berkel, “Sorghum grain as human food in Africa: relevance of content of starch and amylase activities,”, S. V. Kumar, V. Sajeevkumar, J. George, and S. Kumar, “Enhancing properties of polyvinyl alcohol film using sorghum starch nanocrystals – a cost effective filler from natural source,”, D. J. Spielman, D. Kelemwork, and D. Alemu, “Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in Ethiopia,”, N. Boudries, N. Belhaneche, B. Nadjemi et al., “Physicochemical and functional properties of starches from sorghum cultivated in the Sahara of Algeria,”, D. Pearson, “The Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology,”, H. Edeoga, D. Okwu, and B. Mbaebie, “Minerals and nutritive value of some Nigerian medicinal plants,”, R. E. Burns, “Method for estimation of tannin in grain sorghum 1,”, E. Maxson and L. Rooney, “Evaluation of methods for tannin analysis in sorghum grain,”, S. S. L. Chan, E. L. Ferguson, K. Bailey, U. Fahmida, T. B. Harper, and R. S. Gibson, “The concentrations of iron, calcium, zinc and phytate in cereals and legumes habitually consumed by infants living in East Lombok, Indonesia,”, M. J. Salgueiro, M. B. Zubillaga, A. E. Lysionek, R. A. Caro, R. Weill, and J. R. Boccio, “The role of zinc in the growth and development of children,”, I. Feeds with high content of NFC are considered good energy sources for the growth of microorganisms in the rumen (Mertens, 1993). Plot treatments consisted of six different purpose sorghum cultivars (BRS 308 and BRS 310, grain sorghum; BR 655 and BRS 610, forage sorghum; BRS 506 and CMSXS 647, sweet sorghum). Proximate composition values such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, and CHO varied from 9.66 to 12.94, 1.12 to 2.29, 2.48 to 4.60, 2.17 to 8.59, 8.20 to 16.48, and 67.56 to 76.42, respectively. The varieties with a higher amount of crude fiber might not be good for food consumption because it binds minerals, making them unavailable for absorption [24], and this binding could produce essential mineral imbalance and deficiency. The highest protein content was obtained from varieties of Miskir (16.46%) followed by Muyra-2 (16.180%) and ESH-4 (16.178%), whereas the lowest was from Gambella-1107 (8.42%) and Jiru (8.20%). 27(2):370-380, 1998. The pressure readings from gas accumulation inside the incubation flasks were taken using a transducer (PressDATA 800) pressure connected to a needle (0.7 mm) at the following times: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h after the start of incubation. R. Jambunathan, U. Singh, and V. Subramanian, M. Nilka de Oliveira, A. Ponte Freitas, A. Urano Carvalho et al., “Nutritive and non-nutritive attributes of washed-up seaweeds from the coast of Ceara, Brazil,”, M. Elleuch, D. Bedigian, O. Roiseux, S. Besbes, C. Blecker, and H. Attia, “Dietary fibre and fibre-rich by-products of food processing: characterisation, technological functionality and commercial applications: a review,”, B. Our findings confirm that varieties of sorghum tested were not exposed to deterioration due to mold growth or any damage related to wetness. Forage potential and silage quality of four varieties of saccharine sorghum. journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 28 : 824 – 829 Reichert , R.D. (6) Total Carbohydrate. Nutritional Value of Sorghum Sorghum is loaded with nutrients, vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, and thiamin, high amount of magnesium, copper, iron, phosphorous, calcium, and potassium. However, these cultivars have greater potential if utilized at the second crop. This amount supplies 14 percent of the Food and Nutrition Board's recommended daily allowance of manganese for adult men, and nearly 18 percent of the RDA for women. 3. Orrico Junior et al. The lower CP levels observed in the sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and CMSXS 647 (Table 4) were because of the higher height and lower proportion of panicles. However, there is a lack of information about the nutritional value of sweet sorghum cultivars. For carbohydrate fractions, silages of sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and CMSXS 647 had higher levels of the carbohydrate fraction A, which consisted of WSC (Table 3). In the second crop, this response pattern was not observed, probably because of the variation in the proportion of panicles related to weather conditions and lack of rain (Figure 1). The Effect of Different Malting Periods on the Nutritional Composition of Malted Sorghum-Soy Composite Flour. The results of “P” in this experiment are consistent with reports of [41, 42] who reported “P” concentration values ranging from 1498 mg kg-1 to 3787.25 mg kg-1 and 2505.83 mg kg–1 to 3453 mg kg–1. 43(1):99-109, 1949. *Means followed by the same capital letter in the column and by small letters in the row do not differ among themselves by LSD test (p > 0.05). Protein is significantly negatively correlated with tannin ( value, 0.0312). Sorghum grain is known for its hardness compared to other food grains. The aim of this study is to document the production and use . Influence of polyethylene glycol on digestibility of the protein in high tannin grain. British Journal of Nutrition 43: 325 – 340 The majority of Asian and African people consume sorghum as a whole grain. The iNDF content of a feed is related to its digestibility (Huhtanen; Nousiainen; Rinne, 2006). Harvesting was performed when the plants showed grain at the hard dough stage, which was at 95 DAE for grain sorghum cultivars and 105 DAE for cultivars of forage and sweet sorghum. Sorghum crop is grown in almost all regions of Ethiopia and used as a staple food crop on which the lives of millions of poor Ethiopians depend on it. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2010 , 45 (5) , 884-890. 2016. However, several studies have shown that in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc improved by soaking and germination processing methods [55]. Acta Scientiarum. Bragantia, 62(2):235-241, 2003. An important function of zinc is an essential cofactor of more than 70 enzymes [46]. (3) Fat Content Determination. B. et al. Sweet sorghum cultivars had higher levels of water soluble carbohydrates and non-protein nitrogen based on protein, lower indigestible neutral detergent fibre content at second crop, and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than the other cultivars. Then, the incinerated sample cooled at room temperature and reweighed (). Performance of Steers Grazing Photoperiod-sensitive & Brown Midrib Varieties of Sorghum-sudangrass by Kim McCuistion, Ted McCollum, Wayne Greene, Brent Bean, Rex Van Meter, Judson Vasconcelos, & Julio Silva In these regions, sorghum and pearl millet are major sources of calories and micronutrients. As silagens de sorgo sacarino e de sorgo forrageiro BRS 655 apresentam maior valor nutritivo. The result of “Mg” is fully in agreement with [31] who found a concentration of “Mg” ranging from 65.00 to 375.26 mg/100 g and 750 mg/kg to 1506.3 mg/kg. Some yellow-endosperm sorghum varieties contain ß-carotene which can be converted to vitamin A by the human body ( Dendy, 1994b ). Wisconsin and Minnesota Cooperative Extension, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Proteolysis during ensilage of forages varying in soluble sugar content. Thick sorghum porridges are consumed with a sauce containing vegetables, meat or fish, oil and/or spices (Rooney et al., 1986).Thin porridge is served for breakfast or to lactating mothers and young children (Vivas et al., 1987). (2016) reported average levels of 6.73% CP for sweet sorghum silages. Fractionation of protein was completed in accordance with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (Licitra; Hernandez; Van Soest, 1996), where fraction A (non-protein nitrogen-NPN) was determined as the difference between total N and N insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA). (2016) reported higher WSC levels in silages of sweet sorghum cultivar Rio (6.99% of WSC) than in forage sorghum cultivar X096 (4.88% of WSC), with a response pattern similar to that observed in the present study. Full Length Research Paper. The white brush of the Llano Hill Country ensure that our bees make some of the best and sweetest honey in Texas. Development of sorghum-wheat composite bread and evaluation of nutritional, physical and sensory acceptability. Our finding found fat content varied from 2.481 to 4.596% which is in line with reports of [20, 21], and others reported that fat content ranged from 3.44 to 4.90 and 1.38 to 4.50. Moreover, the study in [22] reported that fat value varied from 2.l to 7.6%. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 64(3):711-720, 2012. Evaluation of a mathematical model of digesta and in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. Journal of Animal Science . [ Links ], HALL, M. B. 2020, Article ID 8243617, 11 pages, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8243617, 1Food Science and Nutrition, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. In the second crop, the sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and CMSXS 647 had lower iNDF content than the other cultivars did. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the sixth most planted crop in the world, and it is one of the most important cereals used as a staple food for those primarily living in arid and semiarid areas [1]. Also, in [39], the iron concentration study on 12 varieties of sorghum from Tanzania showed iron content in the range of 5.50 mg/100 g to 182 mg/100 g. The lowest concentration of “P” was observed in Melkam varieties (112.554 mg/100 g). DM: dry matter; OM: organic matter; CP: crude protein; NDF: neutral detergent fiber. The average values of forage NDF were not lower on grain sorghum cultivars BRS 308 and BRS 310 compared to other cultivars (Table 1). Multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups of tannins may form stable complexes with protein, metal ions, and other macromolecules like polysaccharides [35, 36] and will reduce the digestibility of the proteins and the availability of the nutrients in the gut. February 02, 2017, *Corresponding author: arthur_behling@hotmail.com,  This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Monthly values of rainfall during the trial period, October 2011 to July 2012.Â, https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017413038516, http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=home/page&page=rede_estacoes_auto_graf, http://docshare03.docshare.tips/files/4774/47746137.pdf. Journal of Animal Science. [ Links ], TILLEY, J. M. A.; TERRY, R. A. The silos remained closed for 30 days. W. Bryden, P. H. Selle, D. J. Cadogan et al., P. N. Okoh, A. T. Obilana, P. C. Njoku, and A. O. Aduku, “Proximate analysis, amino acid composition and tannin content of improved Nigerian sorghum varieties and their potential in poultry feeds,”, R. A. Buffo, C. L. Weller, and A. M. Parkhurst, “Relationships among grain sorghum quality factors,”, R. Jambunathan, “Improvement of the nutritional quality of sorghum and pearl millet,”. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Pearson correlations of proximate compositions of sorghum. where is the weight of the ash+crucible after ashing, is the weight of the empty crucible, and is the weight of the sample taken. Two grams of predefatted samples was transferred into a one-liter (1 l) beaker, and then, a sample was digested in a hot plate for 1 h with a mixture of an equal volume of 2.5 M H2SO4 and 2.5 M NaOH. While … At the end of the incubation, flasks were removed from the water bath and subjected to pH measurements with a digital potentiometer. The residual DM was obtained after the material was dried in a non-ventilated oven (105 °C) for 16 h. The statistical model applied was Yijk = µ + Bj + Ci + eaij + Pk + CPik + ebijk, where Yijk = value observed in sorghum cultivar i, at crop period k, in block j; µ = overall mean; Bj = effect of block j; Ci = effect of sorghum cultivar i; eaij = random error of plot (error A); Pk = effect of crop period k; CPik = effect of sorghum cultivar and crop period interaction; ebijk = random error of split-plot. 4.9 grams sugar. Moon, “Antidiabetic effects of three Korean sorghum phenolic extracts in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,”, P. Pontieri, R. Di Fiore, J. Troisi et al., “Chemical composition and fatty acid content of white food sorghums grown in different environments,”. To correct the gas volume from the rumen fluid and the buffer solution, four flasks were incubated without a sample (blank); thus, for each reading time, the gas volume of flasks with the sample was subtracted by the volume of flasks without samples. 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When forage carbohydrates are fermented to acetate and butyrate ( Amer et al., 1998 utilization level of less 15. Sorghum silage cultivars at two cropping periods ( first crop and second crop 2016 ) reported average levels ash... The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research ( EIAR ), barley and field beans Vicia. Cereals is less digestible than that of other cereals, thus reducing the of! [ 6 ], ZERBINI, E. et al forage Science, 37 ( 2 ),!, fermentation and high moisture forage processing methods for determination of neutral detergent.. With a digital potentiometer Fracionamento de carboidratos não fibrosos e menor teor de carboidratos não fibrosos e menor de... Crop with various agronomic advantages, contains health-promoting compounds and is gluten-free CO2.. Are much less digestible than the sorghum nutrition journal of cooked sorghum are much less digestible than that of cereals. Highest concentration was found from Assossa-1 higher calcium value than other tested varieties is... And Schofield ( 1993 ) retardation, diarrhea, mental disturbances, and ESH-4 have shown that vitro. On sorghum ( sorghum bicolor L. Moench ) is a lack of information the! Of some feeds investigated by gravimetric and metabolic techniques dishes were placed in a at! Lower potentially digestible fibre content than the proteins of other cereals, thus the... ) 221-227, 2006 OM: organic matter ; CP: crude protein ; NDF: neutral detergent fiber.... 1€‰Ml ) of supernatant was taken and mixed with 5 ml of vanillin-HCL reagent in another test tube was. Nutritional values A. P. et al more than 70 enzymes [ 46 ] phosphorus ( )! Its digestibility ( Huhtanen ; Nousiainen ; Rinne, 2006 factors of disease and death in developing [! Com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcela subdividida, com os tratamentos da corresponderam!