protective custody santa rita jail

Dublin, CA 94568 925-551-6500 ALL VISITING IS BY APPOINTMENT ONLY. Inmates' colors identify and protect | Modesto Bee An inmate who voluntarily PCs or who is placed in PC is also housed separate from the general population. Pajuelos cellmate at the time, identified as Paul Stefano, 19, was arrested on suspicion of murder. Drug issues: None listedRestraints: NoNarrative: Deputies were doing their rounds and found him lying on his top bunk with a blanket covering him. Deputies said when they left him in the cell he was sleeping on the bench and appeared to be in good health. 3.2 Protective custody - version 1.1 Page 2 of 27 The current version of this document is maintained on the Custodial Operations Policy & Procedures Intranet page. He died at Valley Care Medical Center in Pleasanton. When they got to the hospital, Aguilars eyes were glazed and were half opened. A brother later told deputies Wilhites health was "terrible." Bonardi has 16 criminal cases in Alameda County ranging from receiving stolen property to his last arrest of identity theft and fraudulent possession of personal information. Instead, a lieutenant with the Alameda County Sheriffs Department ordered his deputies to chain Madrigal to a cell door, in violation of the jails internal policies, Burris alleges. Nelson died a month later. She said a captain acknowledged to her there was a computer glitch, which is why Laventure hadnt been logged into the system. Inmates can also find themselves in AdSeg when they are in protective custody (PC). The sheriff's office said he was released under the "Compassionate Release program," but no details were provided. Earlier, she said she felt short of breath "because of the air freshener in the police car." Traci Gonzalez said her son, Mark Leventure, hated to be cooped up. Drug issues:Restraints:Narrative: The Alameda County Sheriff's Office is not treating this as an in-custody death, despite a police report that shows deputies used force on the 30-year-old Oakland man and that he had also swallowed a jail-issued wristband. Bay Area: Santa Rita Jail Conditions Worsen in Aftermath of Inmate Health and/or mental issues: Yes, but redacted. On the day he was arrested, he was put in a one-man cell, where she said, "you just push the food in.". Im sure there are exceptions to the rule. . There was a white paper cup with two pink pills and two pink capsules found in Dickeys sock. The most recent was in violation of her community supervision. He also refused to eat or drink, and the suit alleges no one in jail was supervising his mental and physical health. He also had THC in his system.Drug issues: According to DAs report, he self-reported using drugs over the phone to a woman, which was recorded. They are usually a concrete room with nothing more than a bunk and a toilet. But it's unclear how he would have gotten this substance and what it was exactly. Name: Guy WilliamsAge:Arrested:Date of death:8/1020Total time in jail:Occupation: Race:BlackCause of death: Complications of acute gastric hemorrhageDrug issues:Restraints:Narrative: Name: Vinetta MartinAge:Arrested:Date of death:4/2/2021Total time in jail:Occupation: Race:Cause of death: SuicideDrug issues:Restraints:Narrative: According to the incident team report, the deputies working on the night Martin killed herself were supposed to have checked on her in Housing Unit 24 pod F-2 every 30 minutes. Any time a person is in danger of being harmed by others, protective custody may at least be a temporary solution. He remained there until he was taken to the hospital on Feb. 11.Health and/or medical issues: History redacted. In addition, David Crosby said he couldn't understand how a plasticbag could have gotten intoin his brother's cell. The coroners report describes the cell as messy and unkempt, with old food and garbage in the cell. This isnt a place that anyone wants to be. The obituary made no mention of Beltram in jail and said he died of a lengthy lung disease. His father said pictures showed severe facial injuries. Another in-custody death reported at Santa Rita Jail "He was very much loved," she said. 5325 Broder Boulevard, Dublin, CA, 94568. He wished his family well and said he had tried unsuccessfully to call them. He was in the Outpatient Housing Unit but was also classified as "Administration Isolation." What Is Protective Custody? 9 Women Describe Horrific Treatment at the Hands of Their Jailers Date of death: 6/23/ 2018Total time in jail: One dayOccupation: Towtruck driverRace: BlackCause of death: Accident. She took her morning medication. The report does not state who killed him. I want to believe Jesus was there with him.". The toilet was full of feces and vomit. This is protective custody area, which can hold two inmates together. Jonah Andrews had been in and out of jail and had been receiving help through the county's mental health court and a program called Bay Area Community Services, or BACS. Name: Dat Thanh LuongAge: 56Arrested: 1/26/2016. Drug issues: YesRestraints: None listedNarrative: He was arrested on a Sunday morning and CHP officers took him to the now-closed Glenn Dyer Jail in Oakland where he began "behaving strangely." 1. This year, seven people have died at. Health and/or mental issues: Pulmonary and organ congestion. He was injured at the Alameda County jail. The Sheriff's Office isn't You also can search for Warrants in Alameda County Santa Rita Jail via its official website. COVID-19 infections have largely remained stable despite rising case numbers in the Bay Area, according to the latest data published by the Alameda County Sheriff's Office (ACSO). Alameda County Santa Rita Jail, CA Inmate Roster - Prisonroster Lawsuit alleges he was in a "safety cell," but moved to an isolation watch after suicide watch was canceled.Health and/or mental issues: Not listed. Date of death: 4/8/2018Total time in jail: Two days, according to lawsuitOccupation: MechanicRace: WhiteCause of death: Suicide by hangingInvestigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Roxanna SillIsolation: Yes. Name: John Anthony CornejoAge: 20Arrested: 3/29/2015. He "wanted to be free like a bird," she said. Since Madrigal wasnt willing to go voluntarily, his family needed help in taking him back to the mental health facility, according to the claim. The autopsy did not identify who beat Hermon or if anyone had been arrested. Name: Jesus Dametrius DickeyAge: 45Arrested: 4/23/2018 Arrested by Berkeley police in connection with a sexual battery report at student housing in the 2600 block of Durant Avenue, and an incident about two hours later in the 2500 block of Durant. Autopsy shows he had congested lung, liver, spleen and kidneys. Name: Gino DalbiancoAge: 58Arrested: 2/1/2018Date of death: 3/28/2018Total time in jail: 56 days in jailOccupation: VeteranRace: WhiteCause of death: Natural. Drug issues: He had methadone, methamphetamine and amphetamine in his system. He also left a note for his mother and mentioned having regret about doing something to his sister. Drug issues: Yes. Aftter his death, the jail no longer uses WRAPs, although sheriff's patrols still do. When he was out of prison, his mom said he would often sleep outside. A look at the people who have died at Santa Rita Jail - KTVU FOX 2 Commissary money in the form of a money order may be mailed to: AdvancePay Service Department P.O. Then she was told she could email the prescription information to the jail, but her emails seemed to go to the "junk" basket and were never received, she said. Park was found dead in his cell in February 2021, after allegedly hanging himself just five . What is Protective Custody? (with pictures) - My Law Questions Deputies are supposed to perform a security check on every inmate in the unit at least once every 30 minutes. Deputies used a full body restraint called a WRAP to move him because he was "uncooperative by making his body limp and refused to walk on his own." How to Survive in Prison or County Jail if you are in Protective Custody This is a non-punitive measure, but its not really much different from solitary confinement. He was transferred to Napa State Hospital from Nov. 6, 2015 and returned on Feb. 1, 2016,Health and/or mental issues: Yes, he was classified as a mental health inmate. Loung's wife, Ai Quiong Zhong, received $5.1 million from the Alameda County Sheriff's Office for failing to protect him. Alameda County Santa Rita Jail. The increased security in administrative segregation Our jail is among the 100 systems nationwide with an inmate population of more than 1,000. Location & Hours 5325 Broder Blvd Dublin, CA 94568 Get directions Edit business info Ask the Community Ask a question Got a question about Alameda County Santa Rita Jail? Health and/or mental issues: Yes, but redacted. He had an abscess on his right arm. The deputy said he saw "no evidence of obvious significant trauma" despite that the doctor at Highland reported trauma. Name: Christopher Luis Daniel AnguloAge: 34Arrested: Records show Angulo had one criminal case with four felony charges of corporal injury to a partner, assault with a deadly weapon, willful cruelty to a child and making criminal threats from 9/04/2014. The sheriff provided the death report on May 6, 2020. Date of death: 7/6/2017Total time in jail: 23 monthsOccupation: LaborerRace: MexicanCause of death: Homicide. He had last attended court on June 3, 2016. He was divorced and had no children. She said his anxiety and PTSD started after he left his career as a Marinefor five years, where he was a computer avionics technician. A CT scan was performed on Jackson, but the diagnosis was redacted. Mike Durbin, the Health Services Administrator for Wellpath and the Sheriff's Office told Mike Brady, an independent consultant who monitors Santa Rita Jail's COVID-19 response, that "there was a high probability that an asymptomatic Deputy was the vector for introducing the virus into HU 34." She also sent KTVU pictures of her brother in the hospital. "Detective Paxton was uncertain of how the injury occurred and said Dickey was the only occupant of the cell." IN-CUSTODY DEATH: A 33-year-old inmate has died at Santa Rita Jail, the fourth person to die in six weeks. Inmate Locator - Alameda County, California Segregated inmates dont have access to any of their personal property they may have purchased from the commissary. A deputy or an inmate?" An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Corizon nurses determined he was not suicidal and had no diagnosed mental illness. If you have a question, please call 925-551-6500. Elizabeth Laurel, 39, was booked into the Santa Rita jail on drug charges Saturday only to be found unresponsive in her cell two days later during a general observation of the unit in which she was housed, KRON 4 and KTVU reported Tuesday. Stefano had been booked March 6 on suspicion of auto theft and possession of a stolen vehicle. At 4:20 p.m., a deputy passed by and saw that Reyes' cell door was covered with cardboard as the evening food trays were passed out. Her son had been living on the streets and had been to Santa Rita before. Arrested in Berkeley after he reportedly shot a gun into his van. I can't be like this.' The Alameda County Coroner ruled that his death was caused by pneumonia and respiratory failure caused by the traumatic assault. He had a hematoma on the left side of his head that was bleeding. In 2019, 2 Investigates took an unprecedented look at who was dying and why at the jail by reviewing dozens of autopsies, police reports, lawsuits and conducting interviews. A Child of the Indian Race: A Conversation with Sandy White Hawk. The deputies initially protested the lieutenants commands but ultimately relented to their superior officers authority, the claim states. Deputies said they had checked on him three times. I know we dont never supposed to question the Lord, but I just keep putting my faith in praying that we get justice for my brother.". Date of death: 3/26/2014Total time in jail: Three daysOccupation: None listedRace: WhiteCause of death: Suicide by hangingInvestigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Solomon UnubunIsolation: He was classified as administrative segregation inmate and was assigned to a "single occupant cell. K. Gemmell requested a press hold on this case. The coroner's report said he was found partially suspended with a noose fashioned from a bedsheet around his neck.Investigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Anthony GognaIsolation: NoHealth and/or mental issues:Drug issues: A relativesaid Thomas had a history of drug problems. She is survived by her mother. PDF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN SANTA RITA JAIL - Alameda County, California Because he had spit on multiple deputies, his cell door could not be opened for her conversations with him. When she called to check on him, jail officials said he had already been released. His next check was at 4:22 p.m., when he was found unresponsive in the fetal position. Drug issues: NoRestraints: NoNarrative: Singh collapsed at Santa Rita and was taken to Valley Care Medical Center in cardiac arrest. He had been the solo occupant of the cell since June 23. An investigation is ongoing. The case was dismissed.He was divorced and had an 8-year-old daughter. She couldnt get any information when she called. He had a mother and sister. On the day he died, she said her son was having a "bipolar high. Andrews said his son was a caring person who loved his dog, Jojo so much that their ashes were buried together in a memorial forest. "I loved him with all my heart.". It appears as thought he might have left a note in feces, but all the details were redacted. No note of intent was found in the cell." Kelly said they do not consider this an in-custody death. He killed himself while his cell mate was out on "pod time." B Pod could have up to 28 inmates, and two inmates are typically assigned to one cell. 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. Housing Unit 23, minimum security/protective custody. She is questioning why he would have methadone in his system, a medication used to treat drug addiction. In 2004, Beltram was arrested with his wife were arrested in Fremont, where more than $20,000 worth of crystal methamphetamine and marijuana were recovered, according to the East Bay Times. His father thought the discrepancy was odd. Occupation: Not listedRace: East IndianCause of death: Suicide by hanging/asphyxiationInvestigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Matthew MedldrumIsolation: Sort of. He was the sole occupant of the cell at the time. ", Name: Ray PorterAge: 66Arrested: 9/29/2019 for violating his parole in a kidnapping, false imprisonment and domestic violence case. Suffered cardiac arrest on sheriffs bus, taken to hospital. He couldnt eat or drink by himself. Reason not stated, but Jackson was a transgender female who went by Leilani. According to Kelly, rising crime is also contributing to the rising population. A-pod, cell 39Health and/or mental issues: Yes, but redacted.Drug issues: AlcoholismRestraints: NoNarrative: Earlier that day, Monroe had been checked on during morning pill call and he was about to get ready for his court appearance. Protective custody is often associated with the term segregation and protection. Housing Unit 9, Cell C10. Health and/or mental issues: None listedDrug issues: None listedRestraints: None listedNarrative: Bonardi was the only person in protectivecustody who hung himself from the top bunk. Race:BlackCause of death: Natural, but didn't get his medicine.Drug issues:Restraints:Narrative: Monk's sister, Elvira Monk told KTVU on Thursday that she had tried repeatedly to get her brother his medication, which he needed to treat his illnesses in Santa Rita, when he was brought there in early October. Usually, you will only get out for a shower and a few minutes of rec time. Essentially, an inmate, for their own protection, is moved into a solitary confinement-like situation to avoid interaction with other inmates, Calen Weiss writes in Criminal Law Brief. He has a mother and sister. Investigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Rebecca LorenzanaIsolation: Yes. Youre lucky if you get a book or some paper and pens. Name: Eric Steven BuenoAge: 46Arrested: 12/03/2014. He was lying on the floor face down. Hyponatremia (A low level of sodium in the blood, a result of too much fluid, or drinking too much water.) At least 40 people have died at Santa Rita jail since 2014. His sister, Tanasha Lee, said family didnt even get a call about her brothers hospitalization until three days after he was taken there. The Alameda County Sheriff's Office (ACSO) reported that eleven cases were identified during booking or in custody during the entire month of May and June. Protective custody directions must be regularly reviewed in accordance with the Crimes (Administration of Sentences) Act 1999. She was taken to Washington Hospital in Fremont and placed on life support. The sheriff's office said he was released under the "Compassionate Release program," but no details were provided. He had hung himself from his bed sheets. Staff administered five doses of Narcan, but they were unsuccessful. At the time, the autopsy wasn't available, and Tom Hermon doesn't believe this story. He apparently told his cell mate that he was (redacted word) that he was not being sent to John George Psychiatric Pavilion. Below are the stories behind many of these deaths. Some of his narrative is redacted, including what he said in his note. Naxopren in system, used to relieve muscle aches.Restraints: NoNarrative: The day before he died, Baslee was taken from Santa Rita to Valley Care in Pleasanton after he was vomiting blood and had dark stools. And he had been prescribed some type of medication (redacted) by his dentist. Copyright 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. He had been diagnosed with hypertension and asthma and smoke a pack of cigarettes a day and consumed a pint of brandy and two beers daily.Drug issues: Lee told officers he had taken six "Norco" pills that morning. COVID-19 Stats | Alameda County Sheriff's Office, CA Deputy asked family if he had suffered head trauma. He told them, 'I can't be in this room. Name: Alston RobinsonAge:32Arrested:Date of death:Total time in jail:Occupation: Race:Cause of death: Peritonitis/perforated ulcer/naturalDrug issues:Restraints:Narrative: Name: Marlon ReyesAge:44Arrested:Date of death:10/14/2021Total time in jail:Occupation: Race:Cause of death: SuicideDrug issues:Restraints:Narrative: Name: Devin Darrell WestAge:27Arrested:11/15/2021Date of death:Total time in jail:Occupation: Longshoreman. Shock and hemorrhage from slitting his right armInvestigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Jason HenshawIsolation: Yes. There is still a press hold on the coroners report. Let us know in the comments below. Ketia Daniel, founder of BHM Cleaning Co., is BestReviews cleaning expert. He was taken to the hospital, where he was pronounced dead three days later. Housing Unit West 7, first in Pod C, Cell 5 and moved to Pod E, Cell 5. He had no disciplinary history. 2023 FOX Television Stations, from SAT 4:00 AM PST until SUN 4:00 PM PST, Southern Lake County, Northwestern Mendocino Interior, Northeastern Mendocino Interior, Northern Lake County, from SAT 4:00 AM PST until SUN 4:00 PM PST, Mendocino County Coast, High Stakes: Sports Betting in California. There is no way they would be safe in the general population. Reason redacted. Dublin, CA 94568 Phone: 925-551-6500 Santa Rita Jail - Alameda County Detention INMATE VISITATION SCHEDULE - AT THE JAIL 5325 Broder Blvd. Ray Kelly told Berkelyside that he had been in a minor altercation, and that someone had punched Hermon in the nose. Outpatient Housing Unit inmates have single cells where they are held inside 24 hours a day because there is no day room or yard unit. Name: Swaran SinghAge: 41Arrested: Records not foundDate of death: 10/12/2016Total time in jail: Not listedOccupation: Not listedRace: "Other"Cause of death: Natural. Health and/or mental issues: Brother said undiagnosed mental issues.Drug issues:Restraints:Narrative:A sheriff's spokesman said Crosby was found "unresponsive" in his cell. Help sustain the local news you depend on. He was alone in OPHU, cell 13 and was the only inmate assigned to the cell. Cardiac insufficiencyInvestigative agency: Alameda County Sheriff/Rafael PlasenciaIsolation: Not listedHealth and/or mental issues: Yes, but redacted. How do I bail someone out of Santa Rita Jail? Eventually, he did go to the hospital, where he died, but his family had no idea he was taken there. He was placed in a WRAP in Fremont. EDITOR'S NOTE: The story was last updated on March 3, 2023. A forensic report showed he had methamphetamine and marijuana in his system on June 30. After logging in you can close it and return to this page. He had covered his window with cardboard. He had no physical contact with other inmates. Martinez said he didnt want help at first, but then went to the nurse where he used his inhaler. He had a mother and sisters. possession of a firearm, burglary, reckless evading, resisting arrest and possession of stolen property. He was taken to ValleyCare Medical Center for three days and then to Stanford, and then to ValleyCare and then to Kindred Hospital in San Leandro, where he died about two months after his cardiac arrest. He was a barber, mechanic, plumber and electrician.Race: BlackCause of death: Natural. It is common practice for inmates on suicide watch to be check on every 15 or 30 minutes, civil rights lawyers say. He was allowed out of his cell for one hour every other day. "I know deep down inside that they did something to him," Paul Lee's sister said. However, that is pretty much walking around inside a small caged area. This information comes from the Alameda County District Attorney, who found no criminal wrongdoing. At the time of his death, he was in Housing Unit 9, a behavioral health unit. Name: Raymond Christopher Reyes Jr.Age: 22Arrested: 11/9/2019 arrested in San Mateo County, but transferred to Santa Rita on 2/8/ 2019, his wife said. Though it is often associated with prisoners, it can also apply to children who have been removed from a dangerous situation, as well as witnesses to . One appeared to be fora child of his and he signed it: "Goodbye, when you read this letter, Ill be dead." Protective Custody in Prison - Prison Insight If an inmate feels they are in danger of being harmed or killed by other inmates in the general population, they can request to PC. In July 2020, the National Lawyers Guild launched a free hotline for anyone who would like to call to discuss the coronavirus or conditions inside Santa Rita Jail. She had also been charged in 2016 with possession of a firearm, possession of a controlled substance and grand theft.Date of death: 2/11/2017Total time in jail: Not listedOccupation: HomemakerRace: LatinaCause of death: Accident. Santa Rita outpatient housing unit, cell 1. - A group of activists, community members and lawyers are demanding an independent investigation of the "unending number of deaths" at Santa Rita Jail. He had refused medication for two days. Date of death: 6/15/2019Total time in jail:Occupation:Race: LatinoCause of death: Legal claim says suicideInvestigative agency:Isolation: Possibly. Madrigal was taken to a nearby hospital where doctors refused to treat him, Burris said, because they noted his internal injuries were so severe they warranted emergent trauma care. Dublin: Santa Rita Jail inmate dies following apparent assault "He wasn't getting any yard time," Harris said, who acknowledged that in Ad Seg, he thought about committing suicide twice a day. The dentist had given him some medications right before his asthma attack. He said his brother called 911 in the first place. On December 11, 2018, the Alameda County Grand Jury visited Santa Rita Jail located at 5325 Broder Boulevard, Dublin, CA. Restraints: NoNarrative: The coroner's report states that Thomas was found partially suspended from a gate at the jail with a noose fashionedfrom a bedsheet around his neck on June 30. The woman who snuck in those drugs had not been charged with Anderson's death, but she has been charged with distribution of fentanyl. His physical health appeared to be OK. His parents were notified. Date of death: 7/24/2019Total time in jail: Five months. Restraints: UnknownNarrative: Raymond Reyes Jr. was in and out of jail, his family said, and had many challenges in his life. Cell B14Health and/or mental issues: He was going to be sent to Napa State Hospital for mental health treatment, according to a wrongful death suit filed by his attorneys, Michael Haddad and Julia Sherwin. The unit has multiple bunk beds. If you or a loved one suffered death or catastrophic injuries at the hands of prison guards or jail staff, you may be entitled to damages. Wow,crazy so glad you got out, the mandatory minimums are ridiculous.. Im a two strike ex-con the entire system is flawed beyond repair..nice article spot on and thank you . He had been in cell C-8 and moved into an isolation cell in the back hall of Housing Unit 6 during some sort of investigation. Highland Hospital also noted he had injuries that "were questionable." Name: Candice "Cody" VanburenAge: 33Arrested: Came to Santa Rita on 02.27/2023Date of death: 02/28/2023Total time in jail: Less than a dayOccupation: Race:Cause of death: Medical emergencyDrug issues: YesRestraints:Narrative: Vanburen was assigned to Housing Unit 21 D, cell 18 as the only person in the cell. There was another letter, dated four days before his death, written to his father and brother in India. Name: Edward Laron WilhiteAge: 40Arrested: 4/20/2014 but booked on 4/21/2014. Housing Unit 9, A-16. He became pulseless. Health and/or mental issues: Hypertension, diabetes and schizoaffective disorder. Restraints: None listedNarrative: Masterson hung himself by a sheet. He was divorced and had a child. She was married and her family was by her side at the hospital when she died. He was arrested by Union City police.Date of death: 10/11/2016Total time in jail: About 10 monthsOccupation:Race: VietnameseCause of death: Homicide. She was about to, but authorities showed up on her doorstep to say he had died. NORTHERN SANTA BARBARA COUNTY'S NEWS AND ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY > FEBRUARY 11 - FEBRUARY 18, 2021 > VOL. He also had a contusion on his forehead and a laceration on his nose. Date of death: 12/04/2019Total time in jail: One year and 10months, since February 2018.Occupation: Homeless/tree trimmer. The jail population in Santa Rita has declined substantially in recent years. No relatives could be found. Michael Hermon, 47, Gulf War veteran with a PhD in philosophy died after being punched at Santa Rita jail. 2 Investigates obtained the report on Jan. 20, 2020. However, Singh had also been placed in a "safety cell" at some point (the date and duration arent listed) because he told authorities he wanted to hang himself so "he wouldnt have to continue with the court process." Prison officials can also make the decision to put an inmate in protective custody if they believe someone is at risk. The doctor then noticed how weak and dehydrated Aguilar was and decided that he needed to go to Highland Hospital on April 24, and then following that, he should be transferred to John George Psychiatric facility. It houses most people, including all women, who are locked up in Alameda County, an area that neighbors San . The Fremont police said the "suit wrongfully claims excessive force was used against Madrigal while in the custody of the Fremont Police Department for being under the influence of drugs." Who Gets Protective Custody in Jail or Prison? - FindLaw Results of this investigation have not been made public.) One handwritten letter in the cell, dated July 24, outlined Reyes' love for his wife and their son but also his disgust that she was cheating on him. "No known prior suicide attempts or ideations. A note in Punjabi was left in his cell. He was an administrative segregation inmate and was in cell F by himself. The Merced County Sheriff's Department is among several law enforcement agencies that have adopted an . But Gomez "was confined alone in Cell 22. Masterson repeatedly asked for mental health care while he was alone in the segregated cell, but his requests were ignored.